Change in California Law Requires Officers and Managers to Proactively Waive Workers Compensation
UPDATE: Change in California Law Requiring Certain Corporate Officers or Directors, General Partners, and LLC Managing Members to Proactively Waive Their Rights to Workers’ Compensation
Workers’ compensation acts provide a statutory mechanism for compensating employees, or their dependents, when the employee is injured or killed on the job, without regard to negligence.[1] Employers secure their ability to compensate injured employees either by obtaining insurance from an authorized insurer against the statutory liability to pay compensation or by self-insuring, either as an individual employer or as part of a group of employers.[2] Of course, the workers’ compensation system only comes into play if the injured worker is an “employee” covered by the statute.
California’s workers’ compensation act generally defines the term “employee” to mean “every person in the service of an employer under any appointment or contract of hire or apprenticeship, express or implied, oral or written, whether lawfully or unlawfully employed.”[3] As now in effect, the definition also specifically includes “[a]ll officers and members of boards of directors of quasi-public or private corporations while rendering actual service for the corporations for pay,”[4] as well as “[a]ll working members of a partnership or limited liability company receiving wages irrespective of profits from the partnership or limited liability company.”[5] Before January 1, 2017, the act excluded from the definition of “employee” officers and directors who were the sole shareholders of the corporation and working members of a partnership or limited liability company, unless they affirmatively elected to come under the compensation provisions of the act. Since January 1, however, that presumption has effectively been reversed, such that officers and directors of a corporation, and working members of a partnership or limited liability company, are covered employees, except that (1) an officer or director who owns at least 15% of the corporation’s stock, (2) a general partner of a partnership, and (3) a managing member of a limited liability company may now elect to be excluded from coverage by waiving his or her rights under the act.[6] The waiver must be executed under penalty of perjury and state that the person waiving his or her rights under the act is a qualifying officer or director, general partner, or managing member, as appropriate.[7] The waiver becomes effective when it is received and accepted by the employer’s insurance carrier, and remains in effect until the person provides the insurance carrier with a written withdrawal of the waiver.[8]
The California Department of Insurance has indicated that this change applies to all insurance policies in force as of January 1, 2017.[9] As a result, unless the insurance carrier received and accepted a properly executed waiver from a corporate officer or director, general partner, or LLC managing member who was previously exempted from coverage under the workers’ compensation policy, the carrier was required to add such persons to the policy, until such time as the insurer receives and accepts a waiver of coverage.
[1] See, e.g., Cal. Labor Code §§ 3207 (“compensation” includes “every benefit or payment conferred . . . upon an injured employee, or in the event of his or her death, upon his or her dependents, without regard to negligence”), 3600(a) (“Liability for the compensation provided by this division, in lieu of any other liability whatsoever to any person . . . shall, without regard to negligence, exist against an employer for any injury sustained by his or her employees arising out of and in the course of the employment and for the death of any employee if the injury proximately causes death[.]”).
[2] Id. § 3700.
[3] Id. § 3351.
[4] Id. § 3351(c).
[6] See id. §§ 3351(c), (f), 3352 (p), (q).
[7] See id. § 3352 (p), (q). The California Department of Insurance has published sample waiver forms, one for use by corporate officers or directors owning at least 15% of the corporation’s stock, and the other for use by general partners of a partnership or managing members of a limited liability company.
[8] See Cal. Labor Code § 3352 (p), (q).
[9] See Cal. Dep’t of Ins., Notice to All Insurers, Admitted to Write or Writing Workers’ Compensation Coverages in California, Regarding Changes in Definitions of Employee and Exclusions to the Definition of Employee (Officers and Members of Boards of Directors, and Partners) Effective January 1, 2017 as a Result of Enactment of AB 2883 (Oct. 17, 2016), http://www.insurance.ca.gov/0250-insurers/0300-insurers/0200-bulletins/bulletin-notices-commiss-opinion/upload/NoticeAB2883.pdf.